An uprising implies rebellion against an established authority most Indians involved in the conflict were far beyond British imperial control. Historians in the past referred to the war as an “uprising,” but the term is misleading. The immediate catalyst for the war was the French surrender of its North American territories at the end of the Seven Years’ War in 1763, which left Native peoples bereft of an important ally with which to check British imperial claims on their lands. This satirical political cartoon by Henry Dawkins in 1764 depicts prominent Quaker Israel Pemberton dancing with a Native American and Benjamin Franklin scheming to control the Quaker Party for his own political gain. The impact of Pontiac’s War and the Paxton Boys led to less public support of the Quaker Party. The arrival of the “Paxton Boys,” who were determined to seek revenge against Indians, sparked a political crisis with lasting consequences. Pontiac’s War (1763-66), a conflict between Native Americans and the British Empire, began in the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley regions but had important ramifications for Philadelphians as panic in the Pennsylvania backcountry sent refugees to the city. Philadelphia, the Place that Loves You Back.

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